Break Even Analysis
The breakeven analysis calculator is designed to demonstrate how many units of your product must be sold to make a profit. Hit “View Report” to see a detailed look at the profit generated at each sales volume level.
Definitions
Variable unit cost
Cost associated with producing an additional unit.
Fixed cost
The sum of all costs required to produce any product. This amount does not change as production increases or decreases.
Expected unit sales
The number of units that are expected to be sold.
Price per unit
Price you will be able to receive per unit.
Total variable costs
The product of units produced and variable unit cost (example 10 units at $5 variable cost produces a total variable cost of $50).
Total costs
Sum of fixed costs and variable costs.
Total revenue
Product of price and expected sale unit sales (example 10 units at $10 equals $100 total revenue).
Profit
Total revenue minus total costs.
Break-even
Number of units required to sell to make a profit of zero.
Complex Loan
Use this calculator to determine your payment or loan amount for different payment frequencies. You can make payments weekly, biweekly, semimonthly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually. You can then examine your principal balances by payment, total of all payments made, and total interest paid.
Definitions
Loan amount
Total amount of your loan.
Payment
Payment for this loan.
Interest rate
Annual interest rate for this loan. Interest is calculated each period on the current outstanding balance of your loan. The periodic rate is your annual rate divided by the number of periods per year.
Number of payments
Number of payments for this loan.
Payment frequency
Choose how often payments will be made. The options are weekly (52 payments per year), bi-weekly (26 payments per year), semi-monthly (24 payments per year), monthly (12 payments per year), bi-monthly (6 payments per year), quarterly (4 payments per year), semi-annual (2 payments per year), and annually (1 payment per year).
Interest paid
Total amount of interest that will be paid on this loan. This total assumes all payments are made as scheduled, and there are no prepayments of principal.
Total payments
Total all payments for this loan. This includes all interest and principal. This total assumes all payments are made as scheduled, and there are no prepayments of principal.
Human Life Value
One of your most important assets is your ability to earn a paycheck. This calculator is designed to help you understand today’s value of your future earning. Use this calculator to determine your economic value for your loved ones… your Human Life Value.
Definitions
Years until retirement
Number of years before retirement.
Current annual income
Your current annual income. If you are married, this should not include any income from your spouse.
Return on investments
This is the annual rate of return you expect from your investments after taxes. The actual rate of return is largely dependent on the types of investments you select. The Standard & Poor's 500® (S&P 500®) for the 10 years ending December 31st 2021, had an annual compounded rate of return of 13.6%, including reinvestment of dividends. From January 1, 1970 to December 31st 2021, the average annual compounded rate of return for the S&P 500®, including reinvestment of dividends, was approximately 11.3% (source: www.spglobal.com). Since 1970, the highest 12-month return was 61% (June 1982 through June 1983). The lowest 12-month return was -43% (March 2008 to March 2009). Savings accounts at a financial institution may pay as little as 0.25% or less but carry significantly lower risk of loss of principal balances.
It is important to remember that these scenarios are hypothetical and that future rates of return can't be predicted with certainty and that investments that pay higher rates of return are generally subject to higher risk and volatility. The actual rate of return on investments can vary widely over time, especially for long-term investments. This includes the potential loss of principal on your investment. It is not possible to invest directly in an index and the compounded rate of return noted above does not reflect sales charges and other fees that investment funds and/or investment companies may charge.
Insurance products may additionally include mortality, expense risk charges, cost of insurance, administrative, and surrender charges that will have a significant impact on the total rate of return for the investment.
Expected annual inflation rate
This is what you expect for the average long-term inflation rate. A common measure of inflation in the U.S. is the Consumer Price Index (CPI). From 1925 through 2021 the CPI has a long-term average of 2.9% annually. Over the last 40 years the highest CPI recorded was 13.5% in 1980. For 2021, the last full year available, the CPI was 6.8% annually as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Expected income growth
Annual percent increase you expect in your annual income.
Human life value
This is the total amount you would need invested today, to equal the total earnings of a person's lifetime. Two values are calculated for you. The first includes only your expected income growth, the second includes your expected income growth plus the impact of inflation.
Invest Compare
How taxes are applied to an investment can make an incredible difference. This calculator is designed to help compare a normal taxable investment to two common tax advantaged situations: an investment where taxes are deferred until withdrawals are made, and an investment where taxes are paid on money that goes into the account, but all withdrawals are tax free.
Definitions
Annual rate of return
This is the annual rate of return you expect from your investments after taxes. The actual rate of return is largely dependent on the types of investments you select. The Standard & Poor's 500® (S&P 500®) for the 10 years ending December 31st 2021, had an annual compounded rate of return of 13.6%, including reinvestment of dividends. From January 1, 1970 to December 31st 2021, the average annual compounded rate of return for the S&P 500®, including reinvestment of dividends, was approximately 11.3% (source: www.spglobal.com). Since 1970, the highest 12-month return was 61% (June 1982 through June 1983). The lowest 12-month return was -43% (March 2008 to March 2009). Savings accounts at a financial institution may pay as little as 0.25% or less but carry significantly lower risk of loss of principal balances.
It is important to remember that these scenarios are hypothetical and that future rates of return can't be predicted with certainty and that investments that pay higher rates of return are generally subject to higher risk and volatility. The actual rate of return on investments can vary widely over time, especially for long-term investments. This includes the potential loss of principal on your investment. It is not possible to invest directly in an index and the compounded rate of return noted above does not reflect sales charges and other fees that investment funds and/or investment companies may charge.
Years to contribute
Number of years you plan on making contributions.
Years of withdraws
Number of years you plan on taking distributions. Enter '1' for a lump sum distribution. All distributions are assumed to happen at the beginning of the period.
Years to contribute
Number of years you plan on making contributions.
Existing balance
Any existing balance for the accounts.
New contributions
Your periodic contribution. All contributions are assumed to happen at the beginning of the period.
Contribution frequency
The frequency of your contributions. The options are Monthly, Quarterly, or Annually. All contributions are assumed to be made at the beginning of the period.
Withdrawal frequency
The frequency of your distributions. The options are Monthly, Quarterly or Annually. All distributions are assumed to be taken at the end of the period.
Tax during contributions / withdrawals*
Your estimated marginal tax rate. Use the ‘Filing Status and Federal Income Tax Rates’ table to assist you in estimating your federal tax rate.
Increase tax-deferred contribution by tax deduction savings
If you check this box the calculator will assume contributions to the tax-deferred investment are tax-deductible when they are made. The calculator will then increase the contribution amount for the tax-deferred investment by the amount required to make the net contribution equal to the investments that have contributions made on an after-tax basis.
Retire 72T
The Internal Revenue Code section 72(t) and 72(q) can allow for penalty free early withdrawals from retirement accounts under certain circumstances. These sections can allow you to begin receiving money from your retirement accounts before you turn age 59-1/2 generally without the normal 10% premature distribution penalty. Use this calculator to determine your allowable 72(t)/(q) Distribution and how it maybe able to help fund your early retirement. The IRS rules regarding 72(t)/(q) Distributions are complex. Please consult a qualified professional when making decisions about your personal finances. Please note that your financial institution may or may not support all the methods displayed via this calculator.
Definitions
Distribution interest rate
In January of 2022, Notice 2022-6 specified a change to what is considered an acceptable interest rate when calculating distributions. Previously the rule set the maximum rate at 120% of the Federal Mid-Term rate for either of the two months immediately preceding the month in which the distribution begins. The new rule now sets a maximum of 5% or 120% of the Federal Mid-Term rate -- whichever is higher. This essentially makes 5% the new maximum until Federal Mid-Term rates increase significantly.
For April 2022, 120% of the Federal Mid-Term rate is 2.24%. Click here for more information about Federal Interest rates.
It is important to note that the associated law that created 72(t)/(q) distributions did not define what was to be considered a reasonable interest rate. As such, the guidance from the IRS generally flows from the concept that they will not allow people to circumvent the requirement of substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP) throughout your lifetime by using an unreasonably high interest rate.
Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP)
The rules for 72(t)/(q) distributions require you to receive Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP) based on your life expectancy to avoid a 10% premature distribution penalty on any amounts you withdraw. Payments must last for five years (the five-year period does not end until the fifth anniversary of the first distribution received) or until you are 59-1/2, whichever is longer. Further, the SEPP amount must be calculated using one of the IRS approved methods which include:
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- Required minimum distribution (RMD) method: This is the simplest method for calculating your SEPP, but it also produces the lowest payment. It simply takes your current balance and divides it by your single life expectancy or joint life expectancy. Your payment is then recalculated each year with your account balance as of December 31st of the preceding year and your current life expectancy. This is the only method that allows for a payment that will change as your account value changes. Even though this may provide the lowest payment, it may be the best distribution method if you expect wide fluctuations in the value of your account. As of January 1, 2022, life expectancies are calculated with updated life expectancy tables finalized by the IRS in November 2020.
- Fixed amortization method: With this method, the amount to be distributed annually is determined by amortizing your account balance over your single life expectancy, the uniform life expectancy table or joint life expectancy with your oldest named beneficiary. As of January 1, 2022, life expectancies are calculated with updated life expectancy tables finalized by the IRS in November 2020.
- Fixed annuitization method: This method uses an annuity factor to calculate your SEPP. This is one of the most complex methods. The IRS explains it as taking the taxpayer's account balance divided by an annuity factor equal to the present value of an annuity of $1 per month beginning at the taxpayer's age attained in the first distribution year and continuing for the life of the taxpayer. For example, if the annuity factor for a $1 per year annuity for an individual who is 50 years old is 19.087 (assuming an interest rate of 3.8% percent), an individual with a $100,000 account balance would receive an annual distribution of $5,239 ($100,000/19.087 = $5,239). The calculator uses the Annuity 2003 Mortality Table for 2021. For 2022 and later the updated Life Expectancy and Distribution tables, which were finalized by the IRS in November of 2020, replace the older annuity factors. The annuity factor tables are a non-sex based mortality table. Your annuitized SEPP is based on your life expectancy only, and is not based on the age of your beneficiary.
- Required minimum distribution (RMD) method: This is the simplest method for calculating your SEPP, but it also produces the lowest payment. It simply takes your current balance and divides it by your single life expectancy or joint life expectancy. Your payment is then recalculated each year with your account balance as of December 31st of the preceding year and your current life expectancy. This is the only method that allows for a payment that will change as your account value changes. Even though this may provide the lowest payment, it may be the best distribution method if you expect wide fluctuations in the value of your account. As of January 1, 2022, life expectancies are calculated with updated life expectancy tables finalized by the IRS in November 2020.
In addition, on July 3rd, 2002, the IRS ruled that you could change your distribution type one-time without penalty from the Annuitized or Amortized methods to the Required Minimum Distribution method. This would allow account holders the option to move from a fixed payment type to a payment that fluctuates annually with the value of their account. The primary reason for this exception is to allow individuals who have suffered large losses, the option to reduce their distribution to prevent their retirement account from being prematurely depleted. For more information on this important exception please see Revenue Ruling 2002-62 on www.treasury.gov.
If payments are changed for any reason other than death or disability before the required distribution period ends, the distributions may be subject to a retroactive application of the Premature Distribution penalty. It is 10% (plus interest) for all years beginning the year such payments commenced and ending the year of the modification. It is important to remember that while 72(t) distributions are not subject to the 10% penalty for early withdrawal, all applicable taxes on the distributions must still be paid. Further, taking any early distributions from a retirement account reduces the amount of money available later during your retirement. Please contact a qualified professional for more information.
Account balance
This is the account balance used to calculate the Substantially Equal Periodic Payments (SEPP). The IRS rules allow for "an account balance to be determined in any reasonable manner based on the facts and circumstances".
The IRS provides an example of a reasonable determination of the account balance for the minimum distribution method. This example is not a definitive rule and not specific to the other methods. The IRS example allows for use of an account balance from any daily value between December 31st (of the year prior to distributions beginning) and the actual date of the first distribution. For subsequent years the value on December 31st of the prior year could be used or the account balance on a date within a reasonable period of the distribution.
Your age
This is your current age. Use the age you will turn on your birthday for the year you are receiving the distribution.
Beneficiary age
This is your beneficiary's age. Use the age your beneficiary will turn on their birthday for the year you are receiving the distribution. This entry is ignored if you do not use your Joint Life Expectancy to calculate your SEPP.
Choose life expectancy tables
There are three different life expectancy tables that the IRS allows you to use when calculating your SEPP with the 'Fixed Amortization' or the 'Required Minimum Distribution' methods.
For SEPP calculations on or after January 1st, 2022 this calculator has been updated, as required by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), to use the updated Life Expectancy tables finalized in November 2020. It is important to note that once you have chosen a distribution method and life expectancy table, you cannot change either throughout the course of your distributions. (Except for a one-time change from the Annuitized or Amortized methods to the Life Expectancy method, see SEPP definition for more details).